Methods: Moringa oleifera leaf extract was prepared and tested for antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, its effects on bone turnover markers and biomechanical properties were evaluated in a retinoic acid-induced rat osteoporosis model.

Results: Concentration-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth was observed, with distinct zones of inhibition against each strain. Moreover, the extract demonstrated dose-dependent modulation of bone turnover markers, indicating potential osteogenic effects. Biomechanical testing revealed improvements in bone material properties with increasing extract concentrations. Bone mineral content analysis showed enhanced mineralization, suggesting improved bone density.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that Moringa oleifera leaf extract exhibits selective antimicrobial activity and influences osteoblast activity, contributing to enhanced bone health. The dual action positions it as a promising candidate for biomedical research. Moringa oleifera leaf extract holds potential as an antimicrobial agent and bone health enhancer. Further research, including in vivo and clinical studies, is warranted to validate its therapeutic applications. This study lays the groundwork for exploring its roles in antimicrobial therapy and bone health enhancement.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional ethnobotanical survey was adopted using purposive sampling to select ten experienced traditional herbal practitioners. Ethnobotanical data were collected through structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and field observations. Medicinal plants cited by the respondents were collected, authenticated at the Herbarium of the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, and subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard laboratory procedures.

Results: The study documented twenty-eight medicinal plant species belonging to twenty botanical families. The family Asteraceae was the most represented, followed by Apocynaceae, Meliaceae, and Rutaceae. Leaves were the most frequently utilized plant part, while trees constituted the dominant growth habit of the documented species. Decoction was the most common method of herbal preparation. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds in varying concentrations among the investigated medicinal plants. Species such as Azadirachta indica, Aloe barbadensis, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Mangifera indica, Paullinia pinnata, Kigelia africana, and Zingiber officinale exhibited relatively rich phytochemical profiles, suggesting significant therapeutic potential for the management of peptic ulcer disease.

Conclusion: The findings provide scientific evidence supporting the traditional use of medicinal plants in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease in Dekina Local Government Area and contribute to the preservation of indigenous ethnomedicinal knowledge. The documented medicinal plants represent promising sources of bioactive compounds that warrant further pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical investigations for the development of safe, effective, and affordable plant-derived anti-ulcer agents.